Often, the patient with keratoconus has seen several doctors before landing on your chair. They are anxious, wondering if this consultation will be any...

The etiology of VKC is multifactorial. However, the increased levels of IgE in the tear film plays a pivotal role in its occurrence. VKC is a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction with Th2 lymphocytes acting as mediators, activating basophils and eosinophils, leading to mast cell degradation and a subsequent release of histamines. The itchy sensation and conjunctival redness seen in this disease result from these reactions.

Scleral lenses are rigid gas permeable lenses that sit entirely on the sclera and a well-fit scleral lens vaults the cornea and limbus completely....

Myopia is a refractive condition in which parallel rays from an object at infinity are focused in front of the retina with accommodation relaxed...

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